Table 2 List of taxa associated with hippurate, the hippurate diet score and foods1.

From: Hippurate as a metabolomic marker of gut microbiome diversity: Modulation by diet and relationship to metabolic syndrome

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus species

OTU/Collapsed2

Hippurate

Diet score

Foods3

Beta (SE)

P

Beta (SE)

P

P < 0.05

Actinobacteria

Actinobacteria

Actinomycetales

  

Collapsed

−0.083(0.022)

1.31 × 10−4

−0.035(0.011)

1.67 × 10−3

Fruit: −0.004(0.002) WG: −0.007(0.003)

Actinobacteria

Actinobacteria

Actinomycetales

Actinomycetaceae

 

Collapsed

−0.089(0.021)

2.89 × 10−5

−0.036(0.011)

1.70 × 10−3

Fruit: −0.004(0.002) WG: −0.007(0.003)

Actinobacteria

Actinobacteria

Actinomycetales

Actinomycetaceae

Actinomyces

Collapsed

−0.101(0.021)

1.55 × 10−6

−0.045(0.011)

5.71 × 10−5

Fruit: −0.005(0.002) WG: −0.008(0.003)

Actinobacteria

Actinobacteria

Actinomycetales

Actinomycetaceae

Actinomyces

OTU

−0.099(0.022)

5.14 × 10−6

−0.051(0.011)

2.81 × 10−6

Fruit: −0.005(0.002) WG: −0.009(0.003)

Firmicutes

Clostridia

Clostridiales

  

OTU

0.113(0.024)

2.21 × 10−6

0.044(0.010)

9.76 × 10−6

Coffee: 0.013(0.002)*

Firmicutes

Clostridia

Clostridiales

Lachnospiraceae

Ruminococcus

Collapsed

−0.111(0.022)

4.03 × 10−7

−0.038(0.011)

6.35 × 10−4

Fruit: −0.005(0.002) WG: −0.008(0.003)

Firmicutes

Clostridia

Clostridiales

Lachnospiraceae

Ruminococcus

OTU

−0.123(0.021)

1.17 × 10−8

−0.054(0.011)

2.79 × 10−6

Fruit: −0.006(0.002)* WG: −0.009(0.003)

Firmicutes

Clostridia

Clostridiales

Lachnospiraceae

Ruminococcus gnavis

OTU

−0.107(0.023)

3.04 × 10−6

−0.064(0.011)

1.99 × 10−8

Fruit: −0.006(0.002)* WG: −0.009(0.003)

Firmicutes

Clostridia

Clostridiales

Ruminococcaceae

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii

OTU

0.100(0.023)

1.66 × 10−5

0.034(0.010)

9.24 × 10−4

WG: 0.007(0.003)

Firmicutes

Erysipelotrichi

Erysipelotrichales

Erysipelotrichaceae

Eubacterium

Collapsed

−0.083(0.021)

9.30 × 10−5

−0.040(0.012)

6.12 × 10−4

Fruit: −0.004(0.002) WG: −0.010(0.003)*

  1. *Statistically significant: P < 0.0017; WG: whole grain products.
  2. 1Microbiome OTUs and collapsed taxa significantly associated with both hippurate and the hippurate diet score (quartile-ranked, scored and summed intakes of coffee, fruit and whole grains) are shown. Associations were adjusted for covariates (age, Shannon Index, metabolite batch, BMI, sex and family relatedness) and multiple testing using Bonferroni correction. Hippurate diet score associations were also adjusted for hippurate.
  3. 2OTU or collapsed taxonomy.
  4. 3All foods included in the hippurate diet score were fitted into a backwards stepwise linear regression using P < 0.05 as the cut-off threshold with each taxa associated to both hippurate and the diet score. Results displayed are the betas with standard errors of foods at least nominally associated (P < 0.05). Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.0017 (Bonferroni: 0.05/[10 taxa × 3 foods]).
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