Figure 4

Chloroquine-induced changes in Kupffer cells. (a) Microscopy images of chloroquine-induced vacuole formation in live cells. Cells were pretreated with 100 μM of chloroquine. Lysotracker, green. Scale bar, 50 μm (upper), 10 μm (lower). (b) Western blot analysis of phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM), α-adaptin, and clathrin heavy chain expression in cells. β-actin was used as a loading control. (c) Densitometric analysis of western blot results. Results represent the ratio between the protein of interest and β-actin (mean ± s.d. of three samples), and are normalized to control cells. Statistics by Student’s t-test. ***P < 0.001.