Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study subjects (n = 2,383) divided according to the quartiles of CVAI.

Number (men/women)

596 (203/393)

596 (326/270)

596 (378/218)

595 (381/214)

<0.001

Age, y

49.45 ± 11.68

55.56 ± 10.81

58.96 ± 11.45

63.77 ± 11.28

<0.001

Weight, kg

54.02 ± 6.28

59.91 ± 7.47

64.10 ± 8.55

69.98 ± 9.53

<0.001

WC, cm

72.42 ± 4.90

78.69 ± 4.65

83.42 ± 4.97

90.85 ± 6.22

<0.001

HC, cm

89.36 ± 4.31

92.45 ± 4.22

95.09 ± 4.04

99.81 ± 4.53

<0.001

BMI, kg/m²

21.18 ± 1.97

22.92 ± 1.92

24.29 ± 2.03

26.53 ± 2.16

<0.001

VAI

1.24 ± 0.69

1.71 ± 0.92

2.32 ± 1.44

2.94 ± 1.68

<0.001

WHR

0.81 ± 0.05

0.85 ± 0.04

0.88 ± 0.04

0.91 ± 0.05

<0.001

WHtR

0.45 ± 0.03

0.49 ± 0.03

0.51 ± 0.05

0.56 ± 0.04

<0.001

SBP, mmHg

110 (100,120)

120 (110,130)

120 (110,130)

128 (120,140)

<0.001

DBP, mmHg

70 (64,80)

78 (70,80)

80 (70,80)

80 (78,86)

<0.001

FPG, mmol/L

4.10 ± 0.47

4.14 ± 0.53

4.23 ± 0.58

4.41 ± 0.67

<0.001

2hPG, mmol/L

4.88 ± 0.99

5.00 ± 1.07

5.23 ± 1.23

5.71 ± 1.54

<0.001

TC, mmol/L

4.41 ± 0.67

4.67 ± 0.78

4.76 ± 0.79

4.77 ± 0.79

<0.001

TG, mmol/L

0.96 ± 0.45

1.29 ± 0.57

1.64 ± 0.79

1.91 ± 0.85

<0.001

LDL-C, mmol/L

2.65 ± 0.60

2.91 ± 0.61

3.04 ± 0.62

3.10 ± 0.65

<0.001

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.26 ± 0.26

1.17 ± 0.23

1.10 ± 0.22

1.04 ± 0.20

<0.001

Smoking, n (%)

 Current smokers

61 (10.2)

92 (15.4)

113 (19.0)

108 (18.2)

<0.001

 Former smokers

5 (0.8)

33 (5.5)

38 (6.4)

55 (9.2)

<0.001

Drinking, n (%)

28 (4.7)

56 (9.4)

57 (9.6)

79 (13.3)

<0.001

Overweight, n (%)

34 (5.7)

164 (27.5)

299 (50.3)

376 (63.2)

<0.001

Obese, n (%)

2 (0.3)

2 (0.3)

27 (4.5)

149 (25.0)

<0.001