Table 4 Multiple logistic regression analyses of associations between low VA and BP components.

From: Elevated blood pressure is associated with higher prevalence of low visual acuity among adolescent males in Northeast China

BP components

2005

2010

2014

Adjusted OR (95%CI)

P value

Adjusted OR (95%CI)

P value

Adjusted OR (95%CI)

P value

Males

SBP (per 1  mm Hg)

Model 1*

1.004(1.000–1.008)

0.031

1.002(0.999–1.006)

0.227

1.010(1.005–1.014)

<0.001

Model 2†

1.004(1.000–1.008)

0.048

1.004(1.000–1.007)

0.056

1.011(1.007–1.016)

<0.001

Model 3‡

1.008(1.001–1.016) #

0.028#

1.005(1.001–1.009)

0.017

1.011(1.006–1.016)

<0.001

DBP (per 1 mm Hg)

Model 1*

0.996(0.990–1.001)

0.120

0.996(0.992–1.000)

0.044

1.000(0.995–1.006)

0.912

Model 2†

0.995(0.990–1.001)

0.081

0.996(0.992–1.001)

0.086

1.001(0.995–1.006)

0.809

Model 3‡

0.995(0.985–1.005) #

0.333#

0.997(0.992–1.001)

0.105

1.000(0.994–1.005)

0.905

PP (per 1 mm Hg)

Model 1*

1.010(1.005–1.014)

<0.001

1.006(1.002–1.010)

0.001

1.011(1.006–1.016)

<0.001

Model 2†

1.009(1.005–1.014)

<0.001

1.007(1.003–1.011)

<0.001

1.012(1.007–1.016)

<0.001

Model 3‡

1.016(1.007–1.025) #

<0.001#

1.008(1.004–1.012)

<0.001

1.012(1.007–1.017)

<0.001

Females

SBP (per 1 mm Hg)

Model 1*

1.001(0.997–1.005)

0.741

1.001(0.998–1.005)

0.494

1.003(0.999–1.008)

0.115

Model 2†

1.001(0.997–1.005)

0.618

1.001(0.997–1.005)

0.511

1.002(0.998–1.007)

0.320

Model 3‡

1.005(0.998–1.013) #

0.168#

1.001(0.997–1.005)

0.490

1.002(0.997–1.006)

0.502

DBP (per 1 mm Hg)

Model 1*

0.999(0.993–1.004)

0.621

1.001(0.997–1.005)

0.689

0.993(0.988–0.998)

0.009

Model 2†

0.999(0.994–1.004)

0.708

1.001(0.997–1.005)

0.707

0.992(0.987–0.997)

0.003

Model 3‡

1.000(0.990–1.010) #

0.969#

1.001(0.997–1.006)

0.569

0.991(0.986–0.996)

0.001

PP (per 1 mm Hg)

Model 1*

1.003(0.997–1.008)

0.350

1.001(0.997–1.005)

0.701

1.013(1.007–1.018)

<0.001

Model 2†

1.003(0.997–1.008)

0.303

1.001(0.997–1.005)

0.718

1.012(1.006–1.017)

<0.001

Model 3‡

1.009(0.999–1.019) #

0.066#

1.000(0.996–1.005)

0.839

1.012(1.007–1.018)

<0.001

  1. Abbreviations: VA, visual acuity; BP, blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure. *Model 1: adjusted for age and region of habitation. †Model 2: adjusted for age, region of habitation and body mass index. ‡Model 3: adjusted for age, region of habitation, body mass index, sleep duration, outdoor activity time and homework time. #Data available for participants who undertook questionnaire.
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