Table 1 Soil characteristics after 26 years of fertilization treatments in the acidic red soil.

From: Manure amendment increases the content of nanomineral allophane in an acid arable soil

Treatment

Corn grain yield (kg ha−1)

pH (H2O)

SOCa/g kg−1

Exchangeable H/cmol(+) kg−1

Exchangeable Al /cmol(+) kg−1

Base Saturation /%

ECb/μS cm−1

Clay (<2 μm) contents / %

Silt (2–20 μm) contents / %

CK

1064.32 (105.44) c

5.47 (0.21) b

8.63 (0.32) c

0.55 (0.04) a

0.08 (0.02) b

92.45 (1.45) a

42.34 (2.34) c

30.51 (0.32) a

47.33 (0.33) a

NPK

2756.44 (174.72) b

4.15 (0.24) c

10.65 (0.78) b

0.53 (0.07) a

5.57 (0.77) a

38.50 (2.65) b

137.56 (4.44) a

30.58 (0.12) a

45.43 (0.41) b

M

3652.54 (223.69) a

6.63 (0.28) a

16.33 (0.88) a

0.37 (0.05) b

0.04(0.01) b

97.00 (4.23) a

111.87 (7.81) b

29.05 (0.23) b

46.29 (0.53) ab

  1. The data was showed as average value (n = 3). Standard deviations in parentheses. Results followed by different letters are significantly different at P < 0.05.
  2. aSOC: Soil organic carbon.
  3. bEC: Electrical conductivity.
  4. CK, without fertilization; NPK, chemical NPK fertilizer; M, raw pig manure.
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