Table 3 Prediction of non-cirrhotic and cirrhotic HCC at three separate time-points.

From: Serum Levels of M2BPGi as Short-Term Predictors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Untreated Chronic Hepatitis B Patients

 

Non-cirrhotic HCC

Cirrhotic HCC

1–2 yearsa (14 cases)

2–5 years(38 cases)

≥5 years (58 cases)

1–2 years(44 cases)

2–5 years (65 cases)

≥5 years (138 cases)

Adjusted OR [95% CI]

Adjusted OR [95% CI]

Adjusted OR [95% CI]

Adjusted OR [95% CI]

Adjusted OR [95% CI]

Adjusted OR [95% CI]

M2BPGi level (index)

Negative (C.O.I < 1.00)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00 < C.O.I < 2.00

0.99 (0.27–3.74)

0.89 (0.28–2.83)

0.74 (0.33–1.70)

2.45 (0.77–7.82)

1.65 (0.71–3.79)

1.20 (0.68–2.11)

C.O.I ≥ 2.00

4.65 (0.61–35.50)

6.54 (1.36–31.36)a

2.42 (0.73–8.04)

10.07 (2.61–38.86)c

7.17 (2.49–20.68)c

1.98 (0.76–5.18)

Age (in years)

30–39

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

40–49

0.32 (0.04–2.49)

0.12 (0.03–0.54)b

0.57 (0.25–1.32)

1.85 (0.39–8.83)

1.17 (0.38–3.58)

0.41 (0.22–0.74)b

50–59

0.26 (0.04–1.80)

0.18 (0.05–0.70)a

0.34 (0.14–0.82)b

1.33 (0.28–6.33)

0.83 (0.26–2.60)

0.17 (0.09–0.33)c

≥60

1.68 (0.29–9.71)

0.47 (0.10–2.24)

0.09 (0.01–0.74)b

1.29 (0.20–8.33)

1.15 (0.29–4.49)

0.03 (0.01–0.22)c

Sex

Female

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Male

0.47 (0.13–1.68)

0.60 (0.17–2.12)

1.32 (0.55–3.18)

2.99 (0.66–13.59)

2.02 (0.69–5.91)

0.89 (0.49–1.64)

ALT (U/L)

 < 45

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 ≥ 45

0.53 (0.03–8.68)

0.75 (0.21–2.72)

0.81 (0.26–2.50)

1.26 (0.38–4.24)

1.35 (0.52–3.54)

1.03 (0.42–2.52)

AST (U/L)

 < 45

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 ≥ 45

2.16 (0.10–46.81)

3.84 (0.98–15.06)

0.45 (0.11–1.95)

0.65 (0.15–2.76)

3.23 (1.16–9.03)a

1.29 (0.48–3.48)

AFP (ng/mL)

<10

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 ≥ 10

7.03 (1.12–44.26)a

1.93 (0.36–10.31)

3.10 (0.92–10.44)

12.75 (4.10–39.65)c

6.40 (2.41–16.98)c

7.03 (3.02–16.37)c

HBV DNA level (copies/mL)

<300

 

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

300–9999

1.00

0.13 (0.01–1.55)

1.42 (0.36–5.55)

0.64 (0.07–5.70)

2.35 (0.56–9.90)

1.20 (0.45–3.18)

10,000–99,999

0.59 (0.13–2.80)

0.22 (0.02–2.70)

0.60 (0.12–2.95)

0.69 (0.08–6.12)

1.82 (0.40–8.36)

1.20 (0.45–3.25)

100,000–999,999

 

0.62 (0.08–4.53)

1.00 (0.21–4.80)

0.87 (0.09–8.47)

4.27 (0.97–18.72)

1.06 (0.37–3.06)

≥1,000,000

 

1.48 (0.22–9.95)

1.33 (0.31–5.79)

0.90 (0.12–6.88)

1.14 (0.25–5.21)

0.88 (0.32–2.39)

HBsAg (IU/mL)

 < 100

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

100–999

1.07 (0.25–4.58)

6.04 (0.98–37.32)

3.59 (1.04–12.44)a

3.86 (0.55–27.29)

1.40 (0.46–4.21)

3.29 (1.41–7.66)b

≥1,000

0.72 (0.10–4.92)

2.17 (0.28–16.74)

6.23 (1.77–21.93)b

8.86 (1.30–60.46)a

2.78 (0.92–8.39)

5.32 (2.29–12.35)c

  1. aIndicates the time elapsed between sample collection and HCC diagnosis.
  2. bIndicates significance at the P < 0.05 level (two-tailed test).
  3. cIndicates significance at the P < 0.01 level (two-tailed test).
  4. dIndicates significance at the P < 0.001 level (two-tailed test).
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