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Figure 1

From: Energy neutral: the human foot and ankle subsections combine to produce near zero net mechanical work during walking

Figure 1

Participants walked in three different trials, where the foot made unique contact with ground-mounted force platforms: (1) Entire Foot Trial, (2) Forefoot Trial, and (3) Hallux Trial. The controlled foot placement trials enabled analyzing the forces acting on isolated regions within the foot. Using these force estimates, we quantified the total mechanical power and work contributions of various foot-ankle subsections by using a unified deformable (UD) segment analysis23. The UD analysis quantifies the summed contributions from all structures distal to a reference segment. By applying the analysis at four different segments (hallux, forefoot, hindfoot, and shank), this approach enabled partitioning of power/work within the foot and ankle.

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