Figure 2
From: Pathway Towards High-Efficiency Eu-doped GaN Light-Emitting Diodes

Flow charts of electrical and optical current injection efficiency models. The blue boxes indicate the different levels of barrier, GaN:Eu QW, complex and Eu+3 ion. Each level includes its own related processes. The levels are connected via the ‘forward mechanisms’ (black arrows), and via the ‘recycling mechanisms’ (red arrows).