Figure 1
Conceptual comparison between territorial GHG emission accounting (a) and the GHG footprint (b). Territorial emissions include the entirety of emissions that occur within the city boundary. These are direct emissions from production (goods & services, transport) and final consumption (households, government, gross fixed capital formation). Because they also include urban production for exports, territorial emissions are often indicative of the economic structure of a city (e.g. in the presence of heavy industry). The GHG footprint, instead, puts the focus on consumption within the city boundary. In this study it includes direct and upstream GHG emissions from household consumption. The former occur within the city boundary (e.g. heating and private transport), the latter may occur anywhere in the world (including within the city) and require analysing the entire supply chain of urban consumption. The GHG footprint is indicative of the consumption pattern of urban households.
