Figure 1

Distribution of performance on the Emotion Recognition Task (ERT)(upper) and chronological age (lower) among the groups according to emotional (A) and chronological (B) age grouping strategies. The E-intermediate and E-old groups outperformed the E-young group in happiness recognition. Performance on recognition of other emotions was lower in the E-intermediate and E-old groups relative to the E-young group. A similar pattern of performance on emotion recognition was observed among the chronological age groups. However, there was no difference in performance on happiness recognition among the chronological age groups. Significant group-differences in chronological age were observed among the emotional age groups as well as the chronological age groups. Y, I, and O of the bar graphs represent the performance on the ERT of the “emotionally or chronologically young”, “emotionally or chronologically intermediate-age” and “emotionally or chronologically old” groups, respectively.