Table 2 Linear mixed efect models with response variables, fixed effects and random effects: estimates, standard errors, *P-values, 95% confidence intervals, number of levels for the categorical variables (N Estimate) and total sample size of the model (N Total).

From: The effects of sociability on exploratory tendency and innovation repertoires in wild Sumatran and Bornean orangutans

Nr	Response	Effect	Effect type	Estimate	Std-Error	P-value	Confidence Intervals		N Estimates	N Total
Nr	Response	Effect	Effect type	Estimate	Std-Error	P-value	2.50%	97.50%	N Estimates	N Total
1a	Average number of association partners	Intercept	Fixed	0.80	0.14	—	0.53	1.06	—	23
		Age Class	Fixed (control)	0.16	0.14	0.210	−0.10	0.43	2
		Site (Suaq)	Fixed (predictor)	0.46	0.16	0.003	−0.71	−0.20
		Individual	Random	—	—	—	—	—	17 (23)
1b	% of association time spent within 2 m	Intercept	Fixed	11.01	1.15	—	8.79	13.23		23
		Age Class	Fixed (control)	−3.02	1.08	0.015	−4.87	−0.68	2
		Site (Suaq)	Fixed (predictor)	3.93	1.41	0.008	−6.09	−1.97	2
		Individual	Random	—	—	—	—	—	17 (23)
2a	log(Peering events per follow hour)	Intercept	Fixed	0.52	0.22	—	0.10	0.94	—	30
		Age	Fixed (control)	−0.21	0.03	<0.001	−0.27	−0.15	—
		Site (Suaq)	Fixed (predictor)	1.25	0.24	<0.001	−1.71	−0.79	2
		Individual	Random	—	—				19
2b	sqrt(Peering events at the mother per time with mother)	Intercept	Fixed	1.06	0.07	—	0.95	1.22	—	30
		Age	Fixed (control)	−0.06	0.01	<0.001	−0.08	−0.03	cont.
		Site (Suaq)	Fixed (predictor)	0.39	0.09	<0.001	−0.57	−0.26	2
		Individual	Random	—	—	—	—	—	19
2c	log(Peering events at others per time with them)	Intercept	Fixed	0.07	0.06	—	−0.05	0.19	—	30
		Age	Fixed (control)	0.07	0.03	0.005	0.02	0.12	cont.
		Age²	Fixed (control)	−0.01	0.00	0.006	−0.01	0.00	cont.
		Site (Suaq)	Fixed (predictor)	0.15	0.06	0.007	−0.26	−0.04	2
		Individual	Random	—	—	—	—	—	19
3	log(Peering events per item and time the mother was eating a specific item)	Intercept	Fixed	−1.15	0.08	—	−1.29	−0.99	—	115
		Complexity	Fixed (predictor)	0.09	0.03	0.003	0.03	0.15	5
		Log Freq. in mother’s diet	Fixed (predictor)	−0.47	0.07	<0.001	−0.60	−0.34	cont.
		Site (Suaq)	Fixed (predictor)	0.46	0.09	<0.001	−0.63	−0.31	2
		Individual	Random	—	—	—	—	—	21
4a	log(Exploratory object manipulation event per hour)	Intercept	Fixed	1.38	0.33	—	0.75	2.01	—	29
		Age	Fixed (control)	−0.24	0.03	<0.001	−0.30	−0.18	cont.
		Sex (male)	Fixed (predictor)	0.01	0.28	0.963	−0.51	0.53	2
		Site (Suaq)	Fixed (predictor)	0.62	0.22	0.005	−1.03	−0.20	2
		Individual	Random	—	—	—	—	—	21
4b	sqrt(Object play events per hour)	Intercept	Fixed	1.50	0.13	—	1.25	1.75	—	29
		Age	Fixed (control)	−0.12	0.01	<0.001	−0.14	−0.10	cont.
		Sex (male)	Fixed (predictor)	0.11	0.11	0.275	−0.14	−0.10	2
		Site (Suaq)	Fixed (predictor)	0.18	0.09	0.053	−0.35	−0.02	2
		Individual	Random	—	—		—	—	21
5	log(Exploratory object manipulation event per hour)	Intercept	Fixed	−2.36	0.20	—	−2.74	−1.97	—	24
		Age class (Indep. Imm.)	Fixed (control)	1.13	0.23	<0.001	0.68	1.57	2
		Site (Suaq)	Fixed (predictor)	0.73	0.23	0.003	−1.17	−0.28	2
		Individual	Random	—	—	—	—	—	21
6	Exploratory object manipulation event per hour	Intercept	Fixed	0.11	0.04	—	0.04	0.18	—	46
		Age class (Indep. Imm.)	Fixed (control)	0.08	0.04	0.034	0.01	0.16	2
		Site (Suaq)	Fixed (predictor)	0.09	0.04	0.022	−0.16	−0.01	2
		Context (Social)	Fixed (predictor)	0.08	0.04	0.023	0.01	0.16	2
		Individual	Random	—	—		—	——	21

^*P-values were calculated via the likelihood ratio test by excluding the specific factor and comparing the reduced model to the full model.
1: Average association time with individuals other than the mother or the semi- dependent sibling (a) and percent of association time spent within wo meters of adult association partners other than the mother (b) as response variable. The factor “Age class” refers to the two classes of dependent immatures: 0–2.9 y and 3–6 y.
2 c: Peering events at individuals other than the mother per hour spent in association with at least one of those individuals as response variable.
3: Peering rate as response variable (number of peering events per item and time the mother was eating a specific food item), number of pre-ingestion processing steps of the food item (“Complexity”), frequency of the food item in the mothers diet (log transformed; “Frequency”) as effects. The N model here represents the total number of individual - age - food item combinations.
5: The effect “Age class” refers to independent immatures versus mothers.
6: The effect “Age class” refers to independent immatures versus mothers and “Context” to alone (solitary) versus social (with at least one association partner other than the own dependent or semi- dependent offspring.

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Table 2 Linear mixed efect models with response variables, fixed effects and random effects: estimates, standard errors, *P-values, 95% confidence intervals, number of levels for the categorical variables (N Estimate) and total sample size of the model (N Total).

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