Table 1 Results of the LCFs analysis of XANES spectra, calculated as average over n points per area. Areas are located in the different XRF maps (cf. Figs 2B, 3B, 4B and 5B).

From: The nature of ancient Egyptian copper-containing carbon inks is revealed by synchrotron radiation based X-ray microscopy

Sample Standard

Nb of pts/area

Cu distribution

Azurite Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2

Malachite Cu2CO3(OH)2

Cuprite Cu2O

Copper acetate Cu(CH3COO)2

Chalcanthite CuSO4·5H2O

Tenorite CuO

Chalcopyrite CuFeS2

R-factor

Cu (II)

Cu (II)

Cu (I)

Cu (II)

Cu (II)

Cu (II)

Cu (I)

Sample 1 – area 1

6

Ink, high Cu intensity

0.18

0.27

0.55

X

X

X

X

0.0070

Sample 1 – area 2

6

Ink, medium Cu intensity

0.19

0.31

0.55

X

X

X

X

0.0087

Sample 1 – area 3

5

Cu rich spot

0.21

0.23

0.57

X

X

X

X

0.0067

Sample 2 – area 1

10

Cu rich spot

0.71

0.00

0.07

0.22

X

X

X

0.0024

Sample 2 – area 2 WS

3

Cu rich spot WS

0.71

0.12

0.17

0.00

X

X

X

0.0056

Sample 2 – area 2 WOS

4

Cu rich spot WOS

0.43

0.00

0.00

0.57

X

X

X

0.0070

Sample2 - area3 WS

3

Cu rich spot WS

0.54

0.31

0.15

0.00

X

X

X

0.0085

Sample 2 – area 3 WOS

6

Cu rich spot WOS

0.54

0.00

0.00

0.46

X

X

X

0.0056

Sample 2 – area 4 ink

24

Ink, medium Cu intensity

0.57

0.00

0.27

0.16

X

X

X

0.0020

Sample 2 – area 4 fiber

15

Cu in fiber

0.20

0.28

0.52

0.00

X

X

X

0.0070

Sample 2 – area 5 fiber

45

Cu in fiber

0.20

0.26

0.54

0.00

X

X

X

0.0088

Sample 3 – area 1

8

Ink, medium Cu intensity

0.19

0.19

0.63

0.00

X

X

X

0.0104

Sample 3 – area 2

6

Ink, high Cu intensity

0.37

0.08

0.55

0.00

X

X

X

0.0078

Sample 3 – area 3

7

Cu close to, but outside of ink

0.11

0.21

0.68

0.00

X

X

X

0.0132

Sample 4 – area 1

7

Cu and Fe rich spot

0.25

0.15

0.59

X

X

X

X

0.0083

Sample 4 – area 2

6

Cu rich spot

0.10

0.17

0.73

X

X

X

X

0.0138

Sample 4 – area 3

10

Ink, medium Cu intensity

0.04

0.25

0.71

X

X

X

X

0.0170

Sample 4 – area 4

18

Cu in fiber

0.05

0.25

0.70

X

X

X

X

0.0154

  1. WS: with shoulder; WOS: without shoulder. These points were selected on micro XRF maps at three energies (cf. text and Fig. 2B).
Back to article page