Figure 3

Nec1s, dabrafenib, and NSA pretreatment partially inhibit crystal cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells. HK-2 cells were pretreated with Nec1s (100 μM), dabrafenib (10 μM) or NSA (5 μM and 10 μM) 30 min before exposing to CaP (1 mg/ml), silica (1 mg/ml), TiO2 (0.5 mg/ml), cholesterol (3 mg/ml) for 24 hrs. (A) Cell death was visualized by PI stain (red color) and Acridine orange (green color). PI images were converted into black and white image for better visualization using ImageJ software. (B,C) Quantification of DNA-PI mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM from three independent experiments.