Figure 5

ARTO enhances human keratinocyte proliferation and migration through the ERK or P38 signaling pathway. (a) Wounded sections were stained with CK14 and PCNA (arrows). (b) Quantitative analysis of PCNA-positive cells. The cells were pre-treated with PD98059 (PD) or SB203580 (SB) for 1 h and then incubated with ARTO for 24 h. Crystal violet staining (c), western blot analysis (d), and BrdU incorporation assays (e) were used to measure keratinocyte proliferation. (f) Quantitative analysis of BrdU-positive cells. (g,h) The wound closure and migration rates were examined via wound healing assays, in which keratinocytes were wounded by scratch injury (black lines). The levels of Akt (i), ERK (j), P38 (k), and JNK (l) were determined by western blot analysis. (m) There was co-localization between CK14 and phosphorylated ERK or P38 in the wounds on day 7. The data are shown as the means ± S.D. N = 3–6 wounds/group and *P < 0.05.