Table 2 Isolation by distance (IBD) results for four Ephemeroptera species showing wide ecological distribution, using restriction-site-associated-DNA sequencing (RADseq).

From: Elevation in tropical sky islands as the common driver in structuring genes and communities of freshwater organisms

Types of populations considered

N

Elevation range

R2

Regression slope

P value

(a) Lowland and highland populations

 Bungona sp.

62

[215 m; 1830m]

0.0908

1.6043x

<0.001*

 L. cf. vera

91

[45 m; 1300 m]

0.0220

0.6678x

<0.001*

 B. cf. sabahensis

84

[540 m; 1640m]

0.1258

4.2719x

<0.001*

 T. sinuosus

62

[375 m; 1255 m]

0.4286

2.4117x

<0.001*

(b) Lowland populations only

 Bungona sp.

30

[215 m; 845 m]

0.0193

0.5394x

0.008*

 L. cf. vera

56

[45 m; 845 m]

0.0178

0.5587x

<0.001*

 B. cf. sabahensis

18

[540 m; 845 m]

0.0244

12.732x

0.040

 T. sinuosus

23

[375 m; 840 m]

0.0129

−0.2142x

0.091

(c) Highland populations only

 Bungona sp.

32

[960 m; 1830m]

0.2812

1.4347x

<0.001*

 L. cf. vera

35

[955 m; 1300 m]

0.1050

1.2223x

<0.001*

 B. cf. sabahensis

66

[960 m; 1640m]

0.1709

4.9608x

0.010*

 T. sinuosus

39

[955 m; 1255 m]

0.05389

0.3631x

0.014*

  1. IBD values were calculated on linearized FST and ln(x + 1) transformed geographical distance matrix for (a) lowland and highland populations combined, (b) lowland populations only, (c) highland populations only. Statistical significance was assessed through 10,000 permutations and corrected for multiple-test bias using Bonferroni correction (alpha = 0.05/2 = 0.025).
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