Figure 1
From: Ketamine’s antidepressant effect is mediated by energy metabolism and antioxidant defense system
(A) Time-dependent hippocampal analysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/adenosine diphosphate (ADP) metabolite ratio and correlation analyses of ATP (2 h, p ≥ 0.05 and 24 h, p ≤ 0.05) and ADP (2 h, p ≥ 0.05 and 24 h, p ≤ 0.05) with the forced swim test (FST) floating time. (B) Time-dependent hippocampal analysis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced) (NADH)/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized) (NAD) metabolite ratio. (C) Time-dependent hippocampal analysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)/guanosine diphosphate (GDP) ratio and correlation analyses of GTP (2 h and 24 h, p ≤ 0.05) and GDP (2 h and 24 h, p ≥ 0.05) after a single injection of a low dose of ketamine with FST floating time. The results from ketamine-treated animals are normalized to the ones obtained from vehicle treatment (mean value = 1). N = 5 mice per group and time point. #p ≤ 0.10, *p ≤ 0.05. P-values were determined by Student’s t-test and significance analysis of microarrays and other omic-datasets (SAM). Error bars represent s.e.m. The correlation coefficient r was calculated by Pearson. The linear regression line is only shown for significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlation coefficients.
