Table 1 Comparison of developmental events in humans and rats.

From: A translational model to determine rodent’s age from human foetal age

Developmental events	Brain region	2-class	4-class
1 First oligodendrocyte lineage in spinal cord (ventral)	Spinal cord	A2	A4
2 Gliogenetic stage in the ventral spinal cord
3 Motor neurons expressing Er81
4 Parvalbumin-positive fibers reach the ventral horn of the cervical segment
5 Olig2- and Pax7-expressing cells derived from dorsal spinal cord
6 Myelination in the cervical spinal cord
7 Innervation of hindlimb muscle
8 Elimination of polyneuronal innervation of hindlimb muscle
9 PGP9.5 fibers penetrate the epidermis	DRG	B2	D4
10 Presumptive low-threshold mechanoreceptor afferent penetrates the spinal gray matter
11 Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactivity in the DRG
12 CGRP-positive fibers penetrate the epidermis
13 Substance P-positive fibers in the taste buds
14 CGRP-positive fibers innervate the heart
15 CGRP-positive fibers prominent in the substantia gelatinosa
16 Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive fibers penetrate the cortical plate	Medulla/pons	A2	B4
17 The first efferent synapse forms below the inner hair cells
18 Axo-somatic synapses between the medial efferent and outer hair cells
19 5-HT-positive fibers innervate the spinal gray matter
20 First 5-HT-positive cells
21 First appearance of noradrenergic cells
22 Diffuse staining of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in the inner region of the cerebellum	Cerebellum	B2	C4
23 The first IP3R1-positive cells in the Purkinje cell layer
24 Synapse formation between climbing fibers and Purkinje cells
25 First PV-positive Purkinje cells
26 Shh-reactive cells disappear in the external granule layer
27 Young climbing phase in lateral hemisphere of cerebellum
28 TH-positive cells in the midbrain	Midbrain	A2	A4
29 Brn3a-positive cells in the ventral mesencephalon
30 Catecholamine fibers innervate the habenula region
31 GAP-43 expression declines in the superior colliculus
32 TH-positive cells in the zona incerta (A13)	Thalamus	A2	A4
33 Calbindin-positive cells and processes in the anteroventral thalamus
34 PV-positive cells in the reticular thalamus
35 GABAergic interneurons in dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (the dLGN)
36 Dendrodendritic contact in dLGN
37 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-positive cells in the hypothalamus	Hypothalamus	B2	D4
38 Neurophysin-positive cells in the paraventricular hypothalamus
39 Calbindin-positive cells first appear in the lateral hypothalamus
40 Somatostatin-positive neurons first appear in the hypothalamus
41 Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-positive cells first appear in the hypothalamus
42 Melatonin binding site in the suprachiasmatic nuclei
43 Neurophysin-positive cells in the suprachiasmatic nuclei
44 Neuropeptide-Y staining in the arcuate nucleus
45 Calbindin-positive mammillothalamic tract fibers penetrate the ventral anterior thalamus
46 Galamin-positive cells in the mammillary nucleus
47 Arginine vasopressin (AVP)- staining in the suprachiasmatic nuclei
48 Isl1-ir in the lateral ganglionic eminence	Subcortex	B2	C4
49 First acetylcholinesterase(AChE)-reactive neurons in the basal forebrain
50 External Capsule AChE reactive
51 AChE-positive fibers penetrate the stratum oriens in the hippocampus
52 Myelination begin in the caudate-putamen
53 The secondary dentate matrix forms in the hippocampus	Allocortex	B2	D4
54 Tbr2-positive Cajal-Retzius cells first appear in the hippocampus
55 The primary germinal matrix of the dentate gyrus disappears
56 Calbindin-positive multipolar neurons in the claustrum/amygdala
57 Calbindin immunoreactivity in the str.lucidum along the whole CA3 region except CA3c
58 Calbindin immunoreactivity in the str.lucidum along the whole CA3 region including the CA3c
59 Anterior commissure fibers cross the midline
60 Glomeruli formation in the olfactory bulb
61 First Reelin-positive cells in the marginal zone	Isocortex	B2	C4
62 Calretinin-positive pioneer cells in the marginal zone
63 First GABAergic neurons in the lateral cortical wall
64 DARPP32-positive cells detected in the pallium, but not in the striatum
65 Cortical plate formation
66 Callosal fibers cross the midline
67 ER81 or Er81-positive layer V band
68 Npn1-positive cingulate pioneer axons
69 Ontogeny of KCC2-positive neurons in the cortical plate
70 Excitatory GABAergic response in cortical layer I
71 Reelin-positive cells below the cortical surface with ascending fibers
72 Corticospinal neurons innervate cervical spinal motor neurons
73 Mediodorsal thalamus fibers form two intense bands in cortical layer VI
74 Switch from bursting to acuity in the light response
75 Radial glial processes disappear in the cerebral cortex
76 Nrl or Nrl expression in the retina	Retina	A2	B4
77 Synaptophysin in the inner plexiform layer
78 Rod opsin expression in the retina
79 Synaptophysin in the outer plexiform layer
80 Airways are covered with smooth muscle and enveloped by nerve trunks	Other 1	A2
81 Open tunnel of Corti	Other 2	A2
82 Eyes opening	Other 3	A2
83 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-positive cells first detected in the vomeronasal organ	Vomeronasal organ	B2
84 Myelination begins in the optic nerve at chiasm	Optic nerve	B2
85 Ossification of maxilla	Skeleton	A2
86 Ossification of nasal
87 Ossification of supraoccipital
88 Merkel cells in the skin	Other 4	A2
89 Nerve fibers penetrate the tongue epithelium	Other 5	A2
90 Neuropeptide Y-positive fibers innervate the heart	Other 6	A2
91 Onset of hair follicle bulge	Other 7	B2
92 Onset of arrector pili muscles	Other 8	B2
93 Eyelash growth	Other 9	B2
94 Birth date	Other 10

In the first column, the line in each row describes a developmental event. In the second column, the line in each row describes the related brain region. In the third and fourth columns, the line in each row describes the clustering result of two-group linear model and four-group linear model, respectively.

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Table 1 Comparison of developmental events in humans and rats.

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