Table 1 Effects of selenium (Se) on lipid peroxidation (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and antioxidant vitamin concentrations in DRGN, brain, erythrocyte, muscle and sciatic neurons (SciN) in fibromyalgia (FM)-induced rats (mean ± SD). ^a p ≤ 0.05, ^b p ≤ 0.01 and ^c p ≤ 0.001 versus control. ^d p ≤ 0.05 and ^e p ≤ 0.001 versus Se group. ^f p ≤ 0.05 and ^g p ≤ 0.001 versus FM group.

MDA (μmol/g pr)

DRGN

19.70 ± 0.85

18.60 ± 0.98^a

21.70 ± 0.70^a,d

19.40 ± 0.76^f

Brain

20.70 ± 1.11

19.40 ± 2.58

24.00 ± 2.07^a,d

20.90 ± 1.14^f

Erythrocyte

22.20 ± 2.74

23.00 ± 2.16

24.20 ± 1.46

22.90 ± 2.04

Muscle

17.10 ± 1.08

16.80 ± 1.46

18.80 ± 0.96^a,d

22.90 ± 2.04

Plasma (μmol/l)

2.04 ± 0.06

1.88 ± 0.10^a

2.48 ± 0.16^a,e

2.16 ± 0.12^g

SciN

21.40 ± 2.33

18.80 ± 2.13^a

23.60 ± 2.61^b,e

20.10 ± 0.97^d,g

GSH (μmol/g pr)

DRGN

11.80 ± 0.70

12.20 ± 1.16

10.80 ± 0.71^a,d

11.70 ± 1.04^f

Brain

16.80 ± 0.86

18.40 ± 0.79^b

15.60 ± 0.36^b,e

17.00 ± 0.61^d,g

Erythrocyte

15.70 ± 0.79

15.50 ± 0.64

15.40 ± 0.48

15.50 ± 0.52

Muscle

13.00 ± 0.70

15.30 ± 0.97^c

12.00 ± 0.37^c,e

13.30 ± 0.52^e,f

SciN

13.40 ± 1.63

14.20 ± 0.75^a

12.20 ± 1.15^c,e

14.00 ± 0.67^g

GSH-Px (μmol/g pr)

DRGN

21.51 ± 1.05

26.59 ± 1.85^b

19.83 ± 2.87^a,e

22.91 ± 2.71^e,f

Brain

23.40 ± 2.79

24.50 ± 3.03^a

21.60 ± 2.77^a,e

23.00 ± 2.44^d,f

Erythrocyte

24.27 ± 2.94

29.05 ± 1.09^c

23.60 ± 1.87^a

28.93 ± 2.19^c,e,g

Muscle

18.80 ± 1.20

20.20 ± 1.70^a

15.70 ± 1.54^b,e

17.60 ± 1.05^e,g

SciN

22.59 ± 1.45

23.76 ± 1.75^a

20.37 ± 1.08^b,e

22.49 ± 1.28^d,f

Retinol (μmol/g tissue)

Brain

2.86 ± 0.38

2.91 ± 0.22

2.79 ± 0.23

2.97 ± 0.37

Muscle

2.22 ± 0.26

2.15 ± 0.19

2.32 ± 0.17

2.26 ± 0.19

Plasma (μmol/l)

2.93 ± 0.17

2.88 ± 0.27

2.82 ± 0.19

2.78 ± 0.23

α-Tocopherol (μmol/g tissue)

Brain

13.60 ± 0.47

15.40 ± 0.84^c

12.50 ± 0.58^a,e

14.30 ± 0.75^d,g

Muscle

10.60 ± 0.93

11.10 ± 0.45

9.19 ± 0.61^a,e

10.30 ± 0.59^f

Plasma (μmol/l)

22.30 ± 1.14

26.30 ± 1.09^c

22.20 ± 1.20^e

23.70 ± 1.05^c

β-Carotene (μmol/g tissue)

Brain

0.94 ± 0.10

1.07 ± 0.10

0.98 ± 0.12

1.01 ± 0.15

Muscle

0.79 ± 0.17

0.81 ± 0.12

0.85 ± 0.10

0.88 ± 0.13