Table 1 Summary of all within-group effects considered substantial in magnitude and/or statistically significant (P < 0.05) (see Supplementary data Table 1 for a full list of all within-group statistical comparisons).
Measure | Group | Comparison | Mean difference | Standardised effect size (ES) | Effect magnitude | Qualitative likelihood of true effect magnitude being substantial | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% difference | ±90% CL | ES ( d ) | ±90% CL | ||||||
Maximal strength | |||||||||
1-RM leg press | RT | PRE-POST | 38.5 | 8.5 | 1.26 | 0.24 | large | most likely | <0.001 |
HIT+RT | PRE-POST | 28.7 | 5.3 | 1.17 | 0.19 | moderate | most likely | <0.001 | |
MICT+RT | PRE-POST | 27.5 | 4.6 | 0.81 | 0.12 | moderate | most likely | <0.001 | |
Body composition | |||||||||
Lower-body lean mass | RT | PRE-POST | 4.1 | 2.0 | 0.33 | 0.16 | small | likely | 0.023 |
MICT+RT | PRE-POST | 3.6 | 2.4 | 0.45 | 0.30 | small | likely | 0.052 | |
Markers of ribosome biogenesis | |||||||||
Total RNA | RT | PRE-POST | −11 | 5 | −0.17 | 0.09 | trivial | most unlikely | 0.025 |
5.8S rRNA | RT | PRE-POST | −51 | 16 | −0.69 | 0.31 | moderate | likely | 0.017 |
5.8S rRNA (span) | RT | PRE-POST | −36 | 15 | −0.51 | 0.27 | small | likely | 0.027 |
18S rRNA (span) | MICT+RT | POST-+3 h | 63 | 48 | 0.21 | 0.12 | small | very unlikely | 0.029 |
28S rRNA | RT | PRE-POST | −33 | 15 | −0.49 | 0.28 | small | possibly | 0.037 |
Ribosome biogenesis-related signalling responses | |||||||||
p-TIF-1A Ser649 | RT | POST-+1 h | 123 | 79 | 0.45 | 0.19 | small | possibly | 0.002 |
POST-+3 h | 241 | 315 | 0.69 | 0.46 | moderate | likely | 0.017 | ||
p-UBF Ser388 | RT | POST-+1 h | 78 | 58 | 0.82 | 0.45 | moderate | likely | 0.010 |
POST-+3 h | 125 | 72 | 1.15 | 0.45 | moderate | very likely | 0.001 | ||
Total Cyclin D1 | HIT+RT | POST-+1 h | −34 | 7 | −0.66 | 0.16 | moderate | very likely | 0.008 |
mRNA responses related to ribosome biogenesis | |||||||||
TIF-1A mRNA | RT | POST-+3 h | 26 | 12 | 0.53 | 0.21 | small | likely | 0.003 |
MICT+RT | POST-+3 h | 36 | 35 | 0.59 | 0.50 | small | likely | 0.038 | |
POLR1B mRNA | HIT+RT | POST-+3 h | 44 | 42 | 0.57 | 0.44 | small | likely | 0.047 |
MICT+RT | POST-+3 h | 48 | 43 | 0.51 | 0.37 | small | possibly | 0.033 | |
Cyclin D1 mRNA | HIT+RT | PRE-POST | 101 | 54 | 0.59 | 0.22 | small | likely | 0.001 |
AMPK/mTORC1-related signalling responses | |||||||||
p-ACC Ser79 | RT | POST-+1 h | −36 | 22 | −0.28 | 0.20 | small | unlikely | 0.026 |
POST-+3 h | −45 | 20 | −0.37 | 0.22 | small | possibly | 0.012 | ||
MICT+RT | POST-+1 h | −46 | 20 | −0.56 | 0.33 | small | likely | 0.016 | |
p-AMPK Thr172 | RT | POST-+1 h | 78 | 72 | 0.34 | 0.23 | small | possibly | 0.031 |
p-mTOR Ser2448 | RT | POST-+1 h | 105 | 137 | 0.46 | 0.40 | small | possibly | 0.048 |
HIT+RT | POST-+3 h | 70 | 45 | 0.64 | 0.31 | moderate | likely | 0.030 | |
MICT+RT | POST-+3 h | 53 | 46 | 0.28 | 0.19 | small | unlikely | 0.032 | |
p-p70S6K1Thr389 | RT | POST-+1 h | 78 | 77 | 0.51 | 0.37 | small | possibly | 0.026 |
HIT+RT | PRE-POST | 94 | 47 | 0.66 | 0.24 | moderate | very likely | 0.024 | |
p-rps6 Ser235/236 | RT | POST-+1 h | 700 | 678 | 0.75 | 0.28 | moderate | very likely | <0.001 |
POST-+3 h | 967 | 1047 | 0.85 | 0.31 | moderate | very likely | <0.001 | ||
HIT+RT | POST-+1 h | 475 | 572 | 0.66 | 0.33 | moderate | likely | 0.005 | |
POST-+3 h | 294 | 319 | 0.51 | 0.28 | small | likely | 0.006 | ||
p-4E-BP1 Thr37/46 | MICT+RT | POST-+3 h | 59 | 53 | 0.70 | 0.49 | moderate | likely | 0.233 |
Muscle fibre size | |||||||||
Type I fibre CSA | RT | PRE-POST | 15 | 13 | 0.10 | 0.08 | trivial | most unlikely | 0.035 |
