Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: On the efficiency of nature-inspired metaheuristics in expensive global optimization with limited budget

Figure 1

Construction of operational characteristics for deterministic methods and of the operational zone for metaheuristic Firefly Algorithm (FA) built on the hard 5-dimensional class of 100 GKLS test functions. (a) Operational characteristics for methods DIRECT, DIRECT-L, and ADC. After executing 34,000 trials DIRECT-L has solved 31 problem, DIRECT 42 problems, and ADC 65 problems; after performing 94,000 trials DIRECT-L has solved 46 problems, DIRECT 58 problems, and ADC all 100 problems. (b) The operational zone built using 10,000 runs performed by FA (100 runs for each of the 100 problems). The upper and the lower boundaries of the zone are shown as dark blue curves.

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