Figure 1
From: Inactivated rotavirus vaccine by parenteral administration induces mucosal immunity in mice
Delivery efficiency of IRV by microneedle patch. (a) Left: One representative microneedle (MN) patch before insertion into the skin of mice. Intact patches contain 100 MN in a pattern of 10 × 10 (scale bar: 1 mm). Right: Four MN patches were analyzed before every vaccination to determine the antigen amount coated to the needles. MN patches were produced with 2 µg (to deliver 1 µg) and 10 µg (to deliver 5 µg) inactivated rotavirus antigen. (b) Left: One representative MN patch after insertion into the skin of mice showing dissolution of the MN tips (scale bar: 1 mm). Patches were collected after insertion for microscopic analysis. Right: Calculation of the delivered antigen by measuring the residual rotavirus antigen amount on the patches after insertion. For (a) n = 4 and (b) n = 15, mean and standard deviation (s.d.). Shown are representative pictures and data from dose 2 vaccination. Analysis was performed before and after all three vaccinations. MN: Microneedle; RV: Rotavirus; IRV: Inactivated rotavirus vaccine.
