Figure 4
From: Multi-species coexistence in Lotka-Volterra competitive systems with crowding effects
Long-term dynamics of many-species LV competition model with crowding effect. (a,b) Temporal dynamics with the basic crowding component constant (solid line: d i = 0.3; dotted line (no crowding): d i = 0.0) and the crowding strength factor δ = 0.3, (c,d) the equilibrium (final) states plotted against the effects of crowding strength factor δ (0 ≤ δ ≤ 1). (a,c) 5 species (birth rate: b i = 1.0 + 0.1(i − 1)); (b,d) 10 species (birth rate: b i = 1.0 + 0.05(i − 1)). Density of i-species: x i (i = 1, 2, …, n). Parameter value: α ij = 1.0; mi0 = 0.1. Initial density x i = 0.5. See Fig. 1 for software.
