Figure 3
An illustration of the villous membrane thickness measurement principle. (A,B) Show examples of SMA-negative villi with endothelium labelled by CD34-reactivity (brown reaction product). (C,D) Show examples of SMA-positive villi (indigo-blue reaction product in perivascular position) with endothelium labelled by CD34-reactivity (brown reaction product). (A–D) We measured membrane thickness with the Nearest Neighbor analysis and the shortest distance (red line) from the trophoblast to the fetal endothelium by increasing a circle (red) from the trophoblast surface until first intersection with the endothelium. Exemplary measurement positions are marked with black arrows. Scale bar is 25 µm.
