Table 3 Maternal Trimester-Specific Prenatal Depressive Symptoms and Placental Morphology.

From: Placental Morphology Is Associated with Maternal Depressive Symptoms during Pregnancy and Toddler Psychiatric Problems

Depressive Symptoms during

1st Pregnancy Trimester (n = 81)

2nd Pregnancy Trimester (n = 86)

3rd Pregnancy Trimester (n = 86)

Placental Criteria

B(95% CI)

p

B(95% CI)

p

B(95% CI)

p

Volume of SMA-positive villi per placenta

   Model 1

0.01(−0.22; 0.23)

0.97

0.05(−0.16; 0.26)

0.61

0.12(−0.09; 0.33)

0.27

   Model 2

0.06(−0.18; 0.31)

0.61

0.10(−0.11; 0.32)

0.33

0.14(−0.07; 0.36)

0.19

   Model 3

0.07(−0.18; 0.32)

0.59

0.10 (−0.12; 0.32)

0.37

0.15 (−0.08; 0.38)

0.21

Volume of capillaries per SMA-positive villi per placenta

   Model 1

0.00(−0.23; 0.23)

0.99

0.04(−0.17; 0.25)

0.68

0.11(−0.11; 0.32)

0.33

   Model 2

0.07(−0.17; 0.32)

0.55

0.09(−0.13; 0.30)

0.43

0.12(−0.10; 0.34)

0.27

   Model 3

0.09(−0.17; 0.34)

0.49

0.09(−0.14; 0.32)

0.43

0.14(−0.10; 0.37)

0.25

Volume of SMA-negative villi per placenta

   Model 1

0.05(−0.19; 0.29)

0.70

−0.07(−0.29; 0.14)

0.48

−0.16(−0.37; 0.06)

0.15

   Model 2

−0.01(−0.26; 0.25)

0.97

−0.05(−0.27; 0.17)

0.66

−0.13(−0.35; 0.09)

0.23

   Model 3

0.01(−0.26; 0.28)

0.94

0.02(−0.25; 0.21)

0.86

−0.11(−0.35; 0.13)

0.36

Volume of capillaries per SMA-negative villi per placenta

   Model 1

−0.02(−0.22; 0.26)

0.88

−0.12(−0.33; 0.09)

0.27

−0.18(−0.40; 0.03)

0.09

   Model 2

−0.07(−0.32; 0.18)

0.59

−0.08(−0.29; 0.13)

0.46

−0.15(−0.36; 0.07)

0.17

   Model 3

−0.06(−0.32; 0.20)

0.66

−0.06(−0.28; 0.17)

0.61

−0.13(−0.37; 0.10)

0.26

Ratio of the distribution of stem villi to SMA-negative villi

   Model 1

0.01(−0.23; 0.25)

0.92

0.11(−0.10; 0.32)

0.30

0.20(−0.01; 0.41)

0.07

   Model 2

0.09(−0.16; 0.35)

0.47

0.14(−0.07; 0.36)

0.19

0.21(−0.01; 0.42)

0.06

   Model 3

0.09(−0.17; 0.36)

0.48

0.14(−0.09; 0.36)

0.23

0.22(−0.02; 0.45)

0.07

Villous barrier thickness of SMA-positive villi

   Model 1

−0.09(−0.33; 0.15)

0.45

−0.06(−0.27; 0.15)

0.58

−0.14(−0.35; 0.08)

0.20

   Model 2

−0.13(−0.39; 0.13)

0.33

−0.07(−0.29; 0.15)

0.52

−0.15(−0.38; 0.07)

0.18

   Model 3

−0.08(−0.34; 0.18)

0.55

−0.03(−0.25; 0.20)

0.82

−0.10(−0.34; 0.14)

0.40

Standard deviation of villous barrier thickness of SMA-positive villi (variability in thickness)

   Model 1

−0.06(−0.30; 0.19)

0.65

−0.07(−0.28; 0.14)

0.49

−0.10(−0.32; 0.11)

0.34

   Model 2

−0.06(−0.32; 0.21)

0.67

−0.07(−0.29; 0.16)

0.56

−0.10(−0.33; 0.13)

0.38

   Model 3

−0.04(−0.32; 0.23)

0.76

−0.06(−0.29; 0.18)

0.63

−0.10(−0.34; 0.15)

0.45

Villous barrier thickness of SMA-negative villi

   Model 1

−0.16(−0.40; 0.08)

0.18

−0.16(−0.36; 0.04)

0.12

−0.17(−0.38; 0.04)

0.11

   Model 2

−0.25(−0.50; 0.00)

0.052

−0.19(−0.40; 0.03)

0.08

−0.19(−0.40; 0.02)

0.08

   Model 3

−0.19(−0.44; 0.06)

0.14

−0.12(−0.34; 0.09)

0.26

−0.11(−0.34; 0.12)

0.35

Standard deviation of villous barrier thickness of SMA-negative villi (variability in thickness)

   Model 1

−0.24(−0.48; −0.01)

0.04

−0.20(−0.40; 0.01)

0.06

−0.22(−0.43; −0.01)

0.04

   Model 2

−0.33(−0.58; −0.08)

0.01

−0.23(−0.44; −0.01)

0.05

−0.23(−0.45; −0.01)

0.04

   Model 3

−0.27(−0.53; −0.02)

0.04

−0.15(−0.37; 0.07)

0.18

−0.14(−0.37; 0.10)

0.24

  1. SMA = γ-smooth muscle actin.
  2. Unstandardized regression coefficients (B) and their 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) from linear regression models, indicating standard deviation unit increase in placental morphology criteria per one standard deviation increase in mean maternal depressive symptoms during each pregnancy trimester.
  3. Regression Model 1 is unadjusted. Model 2 is adjusted for maternal age and education level, pre-pregnancy body mass index, hypertensive and diabetic disorders in pregnancy and gestation length. Model 3 is adjusted for Model 2 covariates and maternal history of mental disorders before pregnancy.
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