Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study subjects according to the qurtiles of γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT).

From: Implication of liver enzymes on incident cardiovascular diseases and mortality: A nationwide population-based cohort study

 

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

P

(n = 4,078,542)

(n = 4,077,271)

(n = 3,924,511)

(n = 4,013,913)

Age (years, %)

42.4 ± 15.0

44.4 ± 14.6

46.2 ± 14.0

48.4 ± 13.1

<0.001

20~39

1922952 (47.2)

1648984 (40.4)

1342441 (34.2)

1055911 (26.3)

 

40~64

1757030 (43.1)

2002806 (49.1)

2152159 (54.8)

2487294 (62.0)

 

≥65

398560 (9.8)

425481 (10.4)

429911 (11.0)

470708 (11.7)

 

Sex, n (%)

    

<0.001

Male

2074945 (50.9)

2151451 (52.8)

2219904 (56.6)

2146591 (53.5)

 

Female

2003597 (49.1)

1925820 (47.2)

1704607 (43.4)

1867322 (46.5)

 

Height (cm)

164 ± 9.0

163.8 ± 9.1

163.8 ± 9.2

162.8 ± 9.3

<0.001

Weight (kg)

60.2 ± 9.9

62.1 ± 10.8

64.6 ± 11.7

66.1 ± 12.2

<0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

22.3 ± 2.7

23.1 ± 3.0

24.0 ± 3.1

24.8 ± 3.3

<0.001

SBP (mmHg)

118.7 ± 14.8

121.1 ± 15.3

123.9 ± 15.8

127.4 ± 16.6

<0.001

DBP (mmHg)

73.9 ± 9.8

75.6 ± 10.1

77.5 ± 10.4

79.7 ± 10.8

<0.001

FPG (mg/dL)

90.7 ± 17.1

92.6 ± 19.7

95.6 ± 23.3

101.2 ± 29.3

<0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

179.8 ± 32.3

189.0 ± 33.9

196.8 ± 35.6

204.8 ± 39.1

<0.001

ALT (IU/L)

15 (12, 20)

18 (14, 24)

22 (16, 30)

29 (20, 43)

<0.001

AST (IU/L)

20 (17, 24)

21 (18, 25)

23 (19, 28)

27 (22, 35)

<0.001

GGT (IU/L)

12 (10, 16)

21 (14, 25)

32 (19, 40)

58 (32, 86)

<0.001

Smoking status, n (%)

    

<0.001

Never smoker

2942431 (72.1)

2793523 (68.5)

2496120 (63.6)

2461028 (61.3)

 

Ex-smoker

307776 (7.6)

333532 (8.2)

356031 (9.1)

336887 (8.4)

 

Current smoker

828335 (20.3)

950216 (23.3)

1072360 (27.3)

1215998 (30.3)

 

Alcohol drinking, n (%)

    

<0.001

None

2426279 (59.5)

2215856 (54.4)

1909132 (48.7)

1780663 (44.4)

 

≤2 times a week

1514272 (37.1)

1622970 (39.8)

1628249 (41.5)

1524607 (38.0)

 

3-4 times a week

100732 (2.5)

173956 (4.3)

276387 (7.0)

464979 (11.6)

 

≥5 times a week

37259 (0.9)

64489 (1.6)

110743 (2.8)

243664 (6.1)

 

Exercise, n (%)

    

<0.001

None

2239639 (54.9)

2224361 (54.6)

2109130 (53.7)

2197428 (54.8)

 

1-2 times a week

1082238 (26.5)

1091760 (26.8)

1082421 (27.6)

1097387 (27.3)

 

3-4 times a week

438499 (10.8)

440089 (10.8)

422498 (10.8)

404055 (10.1)

 

≥5 times a week

318166 (7.8)

321061 (7.9)

310462 (7.9)

315043 (7.9)

 

Income (lower 20%, %)

385285 (9.5)

384897 (9.4)

371010 (9.5)

409198 (10.2)

<0.001

Diabetes, n (%)

146306 (3.6)

205985 (5.1)

296818 (7.6)

512554 (12.8)

<0.001

Hypertension, n (%)

603160 (14.8)

827703 (20.3)

1062950 (27.1)

1478801 (36.8)

<0.001

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

243235 (6.0)

408302 (10.0)

596101 (15.2)

931049 (23.2)

<0.001

  1. BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TC, total cholesterol; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase.
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