Figure 3

All drug combinations reduce microgliosis and astrogliosis and promote neuronal regeneration. (A) Representative fluorescence microphotographs at low magnification of the ipsilateral ventral horns of the spinal cord from RA injured animals treated with vehicle (Veh), Pre084, or drug combinations (C). Top and middle panels, staining for astrocytes (GFAP) and (middle panel) microglia (Iba1), respectively, in grey matter (GM)—delimited with dashed lines. Bottom panels, GAP43-positive neurites at the white matter (WM) of the ipsilateral ventral horns. Scale bar = 100 μm. (B) Bar graph of average immunoreactivity intensities in GM for GFAP and Iba1 and in WM for GAP43 (*p < 0.05 vs. Veh, ^#p < 0.05 vs. C1). (n = 4). (C) Table summarizing dichotomy scores for MN survival, gliosis, and pro-regenerative effects in vivo and neuroprotective effects in vitro (1 is beneficial effect and 0 indicated no effect).