Figure 5
From: Social status shapes the bacterial and fungal gut communities of the honey bee
Microbial density associated with the social role of the honey bee. Comparison of copy number of 16S rRNA and ITS2 region (a) of individuals and (b) of groups. The copy numbers were estimated by qPCR. (c) Normalization of the 16S rRNA gene copies to ITS2 region copies (ratios) in individual samples. (d) The ratio of 16S rRNA gene copies to ITS2 region copies analysed according to the host social role. NEB, newly-emerged bee; 12-h, 12-h-old bee; NB, nurse bee; FB, foraging bee; Q, queen; RJ, royal jelly; Bo,Bombus; NTC, no template control. Data are expressed as the mean ± s.e.m. An FDR adjusted p-value are from ANOVA after Kruskal-Wallis post-hoc test. Blue and red asterisks refer to statistically significant differences in the bacterial and fungal density, respectively. An FDR adjusted p-value; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001.
