Table 1 Basic soil physicochemical properties before and after long-term straw incorporation^*.

Treatments	pH		SOM (g kg⁻¹)		TN (g kg⁻¹)		TP (g kg⁻¹)		TK (g kg⁻¹)		AN (mg kg⁻¹)		AP (mg kg⁻¹)		AK (mg kg⁻¹)		C/N
	2000	2013	2000	2013	2000	2013	2000	2013	2000	2013	2000	2013	2000	2013	2000	2013	2000	2013
Upland-without straw	5.0 ± 0.0β	5.2 ± 0.0γ	11.9 ± 0.3β	17.5 ± 0.4β	0.7 ± 0.0β	0.9 ± 0.0β	0.5 ± 0.0β	0.5 ± 0.0β	20.6 ± 0.3α	20.7 ± 0.5α	148.9 ± 0.7β	402.0 ± 33.9β	5.0 ± 0.2β	8.4 ± 1.2β	69.8 ± 2.3α	207.3 ± 51.1α	10.3 ± 0.2β	11.1 ± 0.1α
Upland-with straw	5.0 ± 0.0β	5.3 ± 0.1βγ	11.9 ± 0.3β	19.3 ± 0.3α	0.7 ± 0.0β	1.0 ± 0.0α	0.5 ± 0.0β	0.5 ± 0.0β	20.6 ± 0.3α	19.9 ± 0.7αβ	148.9 ± 0.7β	628.5 ± 19.3α	5.0 ± 0.2β	8.0 ± 0.9β	69.8 ± 2.3α	139.2 ± 7.7βγ	10.3 ± 0.2β	11.0 ± 0.2α
Upland-paddy-without straw	5.7 ± 0.1α	5.9 ± 0.2α	15.2 ± 0.0α	13.9 ± 0.1δ	0.8 ± 0.0α	0.9 ± 0.0β	0.7 ± 0.0α	0.6 ± 0.0α	18.2 ± 0.1β	18.5 ± 0.1β	153.9 ± 0.9α	417.9 ± 33.7β	8.6 ± 0.5α	13.3 ± 0.4α	39.8 ± 1.2β	109.6 ± 9.8γ	11.6 ± 0.2α	8.9 ± 0.1β
Upland-paddy-with straw	5.7 ± 0.1α	5.5 ± 0.2β	15.2 ± 0.0α	15.4 ± 0.3γ	0.8 ± 0.0α	1.0 ± 0.0α	0.7 ± 0.0α	0.7 ± 0.0α	18.2 ± 0.1β	19.6 ± 0.3αβ	153.9 ± 0.9α	583.6 ± 12.8α	8.6 ± 0.5α	13.1 ± 0.6α	39.8 ± 1.2β	156.6 ± 13.4β	11.6 ± 0.2α	8.9 ± 0.5β

^*2000 and 2013 represent the soil properties in 04/2000 (Month/Year) and before straw addition to soil on 23/04/2013 (Date/Month/Year), respectively (means ± SE, n = 4). Data followed by the same Greek letter in the same column are not significantly different (P < 0.05) among treatments. SOM, soil organic matter; TN, total nitrogen; TP, total phosphorus; TK, total potassium; AN, available nitrogen; AP, available phosphorus; AK, available potassium.

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