Table 1 The predominant causes of tracheobronchial stenosis.

From: Diagnostic Accuracy of Three-dimensional Turbo Field Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequence in Pediatric Tracheobronchial Anomalies with Congenital Heart Disease

Cause of tracheobronchial stenosis

Tracheobronchial stenosis

Double aortic arch

3

Right aortic arch with mirror-image branching

0

Right aortic arch + aberrant left subclavian artery + posterior patent ductus arteriosus or ligament

4

left aortic arch + aberrant right subclavian artery

0

Left aortic arch with right descending aorta

2

Innominate artery compression syndrome

1

Left pulmonary artery sling

1

Absent pulmonary artery valve

1

Obvious enlarged left atrium

1

Others

18

Total

31

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