Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Glial cell type-specific changes in spinal dipeptidyl peptidase 4 expression and effects of its inhibitors in inflammatory and neuropatic pain

Figure 5

Antihyperalgesic effect of DPP4 inhibitor IPI and vildagliptin in carrageenan-induced inflammation. (a) Antihyperalgesic effect of IPI has been completely abolished by co-administartion of CTAP, but (b) neither TIPP[Ψ] nor (c) gNTI altered IPI-evoked antihyperalgesia. (d) Antihyperalgesic effect of vildagliptin was significantly reduced by CTAP and (f) gNTI, but was completely eliminated when (e) TIPP[Ψ] was co-injected. Inhibitory effects of opioid antagonists on IPI and vildagliptin related antihyperalgesia are summarized on bar graphs (g) and (h) constructed from data recorded 210 min after i.t. drug application. Comparisons were made with two-way ANOVA, Bonferoni post hoc test; +p < 0.05; +++p < 0.001 (a–f) and one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test. ***p < 0.001 (g and h). Asterisks always indicate significant differences between the time-matching points of DPP4 inhibitor and DPP4 inhibitor + opioid antagonist curves. Data on each curves and bars are given as mean and SEM.

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