Table 4 Pearson correlation coefficients between the environmental variables and benthic macroinvertebrate metrics.

Parameter	EPT Relative Abundance (%)	EPT Taxonomic Richness	Modified FBI	Diptera and Non-Insect Relative Abundance
Physical-Chemical Parameter
TP	−0.430^**	−0.433^**	0.383^*	0.406^*
TN	−0.409^*	−0.398^*	0.404^*	0.424^*
NH₄⁺-N	−0.374^*	−0.363^*	0.406^*	0.384^*
BOD₅	−0.365^*	−0.321	0.291	0.375^*
DO	−0.056	−0.021	0.029	0.050
pH	0.010	0.023	−0.002	−0.026
EC	−0.368^*	−0.410^*	0.388^*	0.399^*
T (°C)	0.153	0.152	−0.156	−0.162
NO₃⁻N	−0.363	−0.280	0.302	0.387
FCC	−0.147	−0.187	0.134	0.144
TBC	−0.459^*	−0.383	0.434	0.449
Land Use
Cropland	−0.459^*	−0.704^**	0.741^**	0.799^**
Urban Land	−0.459^*	−0.506^**	0.502^**	0.551^**
Forest Land	0.771^**	0.710^**	−0.743^**	−0.801^**
Population	−0.494^**	−0.455^**	0.453^**	0.502^**

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