Figure 6
From: Enhanced insulin receptor, but not PI3K, signalling protects podocytes from ER stress
Summary. When insulin sensitivity is improved at the level of the IR in podocytes, either through IR over-expression or PTP1B knockdown, podocytes are protected from the development of ER stress. However, knockdown of PTEN, which improves insulin sensitivity through the PI3K-Akt pathway downstream of insulin, potentiates ER stress. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) protects podocytes from ER stress. (IRS, insulin receptor substrate).
