Table 2 Causes of singleton stillbirth and proportions receiving autopsy and placental pathology examination.
CODAC system (Level 1) | JSOG clinical death classification system | Number of events (%) | Autopsy (%) | Placental pathology (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
22–27 wks. | 28–31 wks. | 32–36 wks. | 37–45 wks. | Total | ||||
Maternal | Pregnancy-induced hypertension | 26 (3.2) | 13 (3.2) | 6 (1.1) | 7 (1.8) | 82 (3.8) | 5 (6.1) | 36 (43.9) |
Other maternal complication | 14 (1.7) | 6 (1.5) | 7 (1.3) | 3 (0.8) | ||||
Placenta | Placenta previa | 4 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 462 (21.7) | 10 (2.2) | 202 (43.7) |
Placental abruption | 39 (4.7) | 72 (17.9) | 152 (29.1) | 69 (17.9) | ||||
Other placenta abnormality | 68 (8.3) | 24 (6.0) | 14 (2.7) | 18 (4.7) | ||||
Cord | Umbilical cord abnormality | 134 (16.3) | 65 (16.1) | 73 (14.0) | 61 (15.8) | 333 (15.6) | 15 (4.5) | 157 (47.2) |
Intrapartum | Abnormal fetal lie, attitude, or rotation | 3 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.5) | 23 (1.1) | 3 (12.5) | 9 (37.5) |
Fetal hypoxia with other causes | 8 (1.0) | 2 (0.5) | 3 (0.6) | 4 (1.0) | ||||
Fetal | Fetal trauma | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 168 (7.9) | 12 (7.1) | 65 (38.7) |
Fetal hemolytic disorder | 3 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
Non-immune fetal hydrops | 32 (3.9) | 23 (5.7) | 11 (2.1) | 2 (0.5) | ||||
Low birth weight with other causes | 67 (8.2) | 21 (5.2) | 5 (1.0) | 2 (0.5) | ||||
Congenital | Congenital malformation | 92 (11.2) | 61 (15.1) | 107 (20.5) | 61 (15.8) | 321 (15.1) | 26 (8.1) | 87 (27.1) |
Infection | Perinatal infection | 33 (4.0) | 3 (0.7) | 3 (0.6) | 5 (1.3) | 44 (2.1) | 2 (4.3) | 25 (56.8) |
Unknown | Others | 286 (34.8) | 110 (27.3) | 135 (25.9) | 144 (37.3) | 700 (32.8) | 28 (4.0) | 276 (39.4) |
Miscoded | 7 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | ||||
Missing | 5 (0.6) | 2 (0.5) | 3 (0.6) | 7 (1.8) | ||||
Total | 822 | 403 | 522 | 386 | 2,133 (100) | 101 (4.7) | 857 (40.2) | |
