Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with or without favorable functional outcome.

Variable	Favorable group (n = 74)	Unfavorable group (n = 50)	P-value
Age, years	54.5 ± 12.1	57.4 ± 11.3	0.187
Female sex	18 (24.3%)	18 (36.0%)	0.229
Medical history
Hypertension	41 (55.4%)	24 (48.0%)	0.531
Diabetes mellitus	7 (9.5%)	3 (6.0%)	0.639
Other comorbidities	8 (10.8%)	7 (14.0%)	0.800
Previous ICH	5 (6.8%)	3 (6.0%)	1.000
Previous ischemic stroke	4 (5.4%)	4 (8.0%)	0.838
Smoking	30 (40.5%)	16 (32.0%)	0.438
Alcohol	48 (64.9%)	29 (58.0%)	0.559
BMI, kg/m²	23.52 ± 4.66	23.35 ± 2.89	0.828
Medication history
Antihypertensive use	24 (32.4%)	13 (26.0%)	0.372
Antithrombotic use	5 (6.8%)	5 (10.0%)	0.753
Clinical features
Time to treatment, min	75 (45–165)	60 (30–120)	0.228
Systolic BP, mmHg	170 (140–200)	169.5 (146–190)	0.838
Diastolic BP, mmHg	98 (80–110)	100 (86–110)	0.467
GCS score	13 (12–14)	10 (8–13)	<0.001
GCS score ≤ 8	2 (2.7%)	14 (28.0%)	<0.001
CT findings
Dominant hemisphere	28 (37.8%)	30 (60.0%)	0.025
Hematoma volume, mL	29.4 (22.6–40.1)	36.2 (28.6–44.1)	0.004
ICD, mm	15.5 (11.7–18.0)	11.8 (9.6–13.8)	0.001
SFR	0.051 (0.039–0.064)	0.041 (0.032–0.055)	0.012
Midline shift, mm	3.9 ± 2.5	6.7 ± 3.3	<0.001
Treatment			0.001
Conservative treatment	30 (40.5%)	6 (12.0%)
Catheter insertion	43 (58.1%)	36 (72.0%)
Craniotomy	1 (1.4%)	8 (16.0%)

BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CT, computed tomography; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ICD, intercaudate distance; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; SFR, sylvian fissure ratio.

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