Table 3 The forest plot of association between infection and birth defects among different subgroups after PS match.

From: Propensity Score-Matched Analysis on the Association Between Pregnancy Infections and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Rural Northwestern China

covariate

no infection

infection

 

OR(95%CI)

P-value

n = 5381

n = 5381

Maternal age

  

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   <30

65(1.47)

110(2.50)

1.71(1.25–2.33)

0.001

   ≥30

24(2.46)

30(3.08)

1.26(0.73–2.17)

0.406

Maternal education

    

   >High school

3(0.67)

8(1.79)

2.70(0.71–10.23)

0.145

   High school

17(1.57)

28(2.61)

1.68(0.91–3.08)

0.097

   <High school

69(1.79)

104(2.69)

1.52(1.12–2.07)

0.008

   Wealth index

    

   Poor

25(1.66)

54(3.62)

2.23(1.38–3.6)

0.001

   Moderate

43(1.65)

64(2.45)

1.50(1.02–2.22)

0.042

   Rich

21(1.66)

22(1.72)

1.04(0.57–1.89)

0.911

Maternal passive smoking

    

   No

60(1.58)

79(2.09)

1.32(0.94–1.86)

0.105

   Yes

29(1.82)

61(3.82)

2.15(1.37–3.36)

0.001

Maternal drinking

    

   No

88(1.65)

138(2.58)

1.58(1.21–2.07)

0.001

   Yes

1(2.63)

2(5.41)

2.11(0.18–24.37)

0.548

Maternal folic acid supplement use

    

   No

38(1.57)

66(2.71)

1.75(1.17–2.61)

0.007

   Yes

51(1.72)

74(2.51)

1.47(1.02–2.11)

0.036

Maternal taking medicine

    

   No

67(1.39)

121(2.5)

1.83(1.35–2.47)

<0.001

   Yes

22(4.04)

19(3.49)

0.86(0.46–1.61)

0.633

Family history of birth defects

    

   No

87(1.62)

134(2.51)

1.56(1.18–2.04)

0.001

   Yes

2(8.00)

6(18.75)

2.65(0.49–14.47)

0.259

Baby gender

    

   Male

66(2.18)

83(2.77)

1.28(0.92–1.77)

0.145

   Female

23(0.97)

57(2.39)

2.49(1.53–4.05)

<0.001

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