Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants at baseline.
Early exit from work due to poor health [n (%) or mean (±standard error)] | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | ||
No. of participants | 2,584 (95.42) | 124 (4.58) | |
Age (years) | 52.34 (±0.11) | 56.54 (±0.53) | <0.0001 |
Sex | <0.0001 | ||
Men | 1,779 (96.79) | 59 (3.21) | |
Women | 805 (92.53) | 65 (7.47) | |
Marital status | 0.1905 | ||
Married | 2,324 (95.60) | 107 (4.40) | |
Divorced, separated, or never | 260 (93.86) | 17 (6.14) | |
Education | <0.0001 | ||
Middle school | 994 (93.16) | 73 (6.84) | |
High school | 1,079 (96.77) | 36 (3.23) | |
College or university | 511 (97.15) | 15 (2.85) | |
Household income ($) | 0.0007 | ||
<20,000 | 992 (93.67) | 67 (6.33) | |
<30,000 | 498 (95.95) | 21 (4.05) | |
<40,000 | 479 (96.57) | 17 (3.43) | |
≥40,000 | 615 (97.00) | 19 (3.00) | |
Type of work | 0.1409 | ||
Paid worker | 1,452 (94.90) | 78 (5.10) | |
Self-employed | 1,132 (96.10) | 46 (3.90) | |
Occupational classification | 0.1849 | ||
Higher-skilled white collar | 291 (96.04) | 12 (3.96) | |
Lower-skilled white collar | 413 (96.95) | 13 (3.05) | |
Pink collar | 595 (94.59) | 34 (5.41) | |
Green collar | 173 (95.58) | 8 (4.42) | |
Skilled blue-collar | 606 (96.04) | 25 (3.96) | |
Unskilled blue-collar | 506 (94.05) | 32 (5.95) | |
Size of enterprise | 0.1863 | ||
<30 or one-man company | 1,728 (95.05) | 90 (4.95) | |
>30 or hired employee | 856 (96.18) | 34 (3.82) | |
Time of work | 0.1688 | ||
Part-time | 240 (97.17) | 7 (2.83) | |
Full-time | 2,344 (95.25) | 117 (4.75) | |
Smoking | 0.0221 | ||
Never or past | 1,747 (94.79) | 96 (5.21) | |
Current | 837 (96.76) | 28 (3.24) | |
Alcohol consumption | 0.9530 | ||
Never or social | 2,183 (95.41) | 105 (4.59) | |
Heavy | 401 (95.48) | 19 (4.52) | |
Exercise status | 0.0425 | ||
None | 1,535 (94.75) | 85 (5.25) | |
Regular | 1,049 (96.42) | 39 (3.58) | |
Hypertension | <0.0001 | ||
No | 2,215 (96.26) | 86 (3.74) | |
Yes | 369 (90.66) | 240 (9.34) | |
Diabetes | 0.0087 | ||
No | 2,359 (95.72) | 107 (4.28) | |
Yes | 189 (91.75) | 17 (8.25) | |
Obesity or underweight | 0.0034 | ||
No | 1,912 (96.13) | 77 (3.87) | |
Yes | 672 (93.46) | 47 (6.54) | |
Depression | 0.0447 | ||
No | 2,158 (95.78) | 95 (4.22) | |
Yes | 426 (93.63) | 29 (6.37) | |
Grasping power index | 31.66 (±0.16) | 26.55 (±0.66) | <0.0001 |
Perception factor scores | |||
Health status | 6.68 (±0.04) | 5.67 (±0.22) | <0.0001 |
Economic status | 5.42 (±0.04) | 4.96 (±0.21) | 0.0319 |
Quality of life | 6.68 (±0.04) | 6.44 (±0.15) | 0.1174 |
Working life expectancy | 8.10 (±0.05) | 6.83 (±0.29) | <0.0001 |
