Table 1 Gaussian mixed effects models of (i) migration distance in relation to sex and body size, and (ii) the onset and end of spring and autumn migration in relation to sex, body size and migration distance. All models included year as random effect. Non-significant interactions were removed from each model.
F-statistic | d.f. | p-value | Estimated marginal mean/coefficient ± s.e. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Migration distance (km) | ||||
Sex | 0.14 | 1,143 | 0.69 | |
Male | 1941 ± 257 | |||
Female | 2071 ± 230 | |||
Body size | 2.1147 | 1,143 | 0.15 | 20.33 ± 13.98 |
Onset of autumn migration (Julian day) | ||||
Sex | 0.77 | 1,63 | 0.38 | |
Male | 219 ± 9 | |||
Female | 234 ± 11 | |||
Body size | 0.76 | 1,63 | 0.39 | −0.65 ± 0.73 |
Migration distance | 3.96 | 1,63 | 0.05 | −0.0081 ± 0.0041 |
End of autumn migration (Julian day) | ||||
Sex | 4.22 | 1,62 | 0.04 | |
Male | 289 ± 14 | |||
Female | 304 ± 12 | |||
Body size | 1.14 | 1,62 | 0.29 | −1.01 ± 0.94 |
Migration distance | 0.28 | 1,62 | 0.59 | |
Sex x migration distance | 6.28 | 1,62 | 0.02 | |
Male | −0.0035 ± 0.0068* | |||
Female | 0.0264 ± 0.011 | |||
Onset of spring migration (Julian day) | ||||
Sex | 0.19 | 1,71 | 0.66 | |
Male | 92 ± 4 | |||
Female | 54 ± 16 | |||
Body size | 0.05 | 1,71 | 0.82 | 0.14 ± 0.64 |
Migration distance | 5.01 | 1,71 | 0.03 | |
Body size x migration distance | 5.15 | 1,71 | 0.03 | −0.00075 ± 0.00033 |
Sex x migration distance | 8.83 | 1,71 | 0.01 | |
Male | 0.16 ± 0.073 | |||
Female | 0.18 ± 0.078 | |||
End of spring migration (Julian day) | ||||
Sex | 0.60 | 1,72 | 0.44 | |
Male | 91 ± 2 | |||
Female | 93 ± 2 | |||
Body size | 5.21 | 1,72 | 0.03 | −0.35 ± 0.15 |
Migration distance | 8.44 | 1,72 | 0.004 | −0.041 ± 0.014 |
Body size x migration distance | 10.07 | 1,72 | 0.002 | 0.002 ± 0.0006 |
