Table 2 Means and standard errors of the mean of pre and post intervention measurements for each group, and Time (pre, post) × Intervention (ME, EC) statistics.

From: Greater mindful eating practice is associated with better reversal learning

 

Mindful eating (n = 35)

Educational cooking (n = 30)

p

test-statistica

pre

post

pre

post

Physical measurements

BMI (kg/m2)

26.7

±0.7

26.9

±0.7

26.3

±0.7

25.9

±0.7

0.005

8.634

Waist (in cm)

90.3

±2.3

90.2

±2.4

87.9

±2.3

86.0

±2.4

0.021

5.565

Waist-to-hip ratio

0.85

±0.01

0.84

±0.01

0.84

±0.01

0.84

±0.01

0.738

0.113

Self-report questionnaires

BIS

21.0

±0.5

20.5

±0.5

20.0

±0.6

19.5

±0.6

0.978

0.001

BAS

41.8

±0.6

42.2

±0.7

43.7

±0.7

43.4

±0.8

0.370

0.814

FFQ – DHD

52.9

±1.8

54.5

±1.7

48.9

±2.5

58.8

±2.1

0.005

8.670

FBQ – short version

Knowledge

15.6

±0.2

15.9

±0.2

14.8

±0.3

16.7

±0.1

<0.001

23.522

Temptation

27.9

±1.0

27.9

±0.9

27.8

±0.7

26.7

±0.7

0.241

1.398

DEBQ

Restraint

2.5

±0.2

2.9

±0.1

2.7

±0.1

3.0

±0.1

0.693

0.157

Emotional

2.6

±0.2

2.7

±0.1

2.9

±0.2

2.7

±0.2

0.218

1.551

External

2.8

±0.2

3.1

±0.1

3.2

±0.1

3.2

±0.1

0.116

2.544

FFMQ-SFc

77.3

±1.5

75.1

±1.3

76.4

±1.5

76.6

±1.5

0.517

0.426

HADS

Anxiety

3.9

±0.5

6.0

±0.4

5.3

±0.6

5.9

±0.7

0.050

3.977

Depression

2.1

±0.4

2.7

±0.4

2.7

±0.5

2.8

±0.5

0.281

1.180

TCQd

26.9

±2.0

27.0

±1.5

32.2

±0.9

32.4

±1.5

0.977

0.001

  1. If not otherwise stated, values represent mean ±SEM.
  2. BIS/BAS: Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Approach System questionnaire; FFQ-DHD: Food Frequency Questionnaire, Dutch Healthy Diet; FBQ: Food Behavior Questionnaire, a shortened version; DEBQ: Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire; FFMQ-SF: Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire – Short Form; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; TCQ: Treatment Credibility Questionnaire. Note that the pre-TCQ was filled out at the first session of the intervention, not on the pre test session, as participants were unaware of the contents of the assigned intervention at that time.
  3. aIf not otherwise stated, the reported test-statistic is the F-value (degrees of freedom: 1,63).
  4. bMann-Whitney U.
  5. cFFMQ-SF: N = 54 (NME = 24, NEC = 30; degrees of freedom: 1,52).
  6. dTCQ: N = 55 (NME = 29, NEC = 26; degrees of freedom: 1,53).