Table 1 Pupillary dynamic parameters in various stages of DR.

From: Pupillary Abnormalities with Varying Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy

Parameters

No Diabetes

Diabetes

No DR

Mild DR

Moderate DR

Severe DR

PDR

BPD

4.39 ± 0.60

4.38 ± 0.63

4.19 ± 0.50

4.31 ± 0.62

4.29 ± 0.75

4.14 ± 0.42**

APC

1.73 ± 0.37

1.69 ± 0.49

1.57 ± 0.39

1.51 ± 0.44

1.43 ± 0.48*

1.29 ± 0.43*

VPC

2.12 ± 0.38

2.12 ± 0.57

1.98 ± 0.54

1.96 ± 0.53

1.88 ± 0.59

1.86 ± 0.66

VPD

0.45 + 0.20

0.40 ± 0.16*

0.38 ± 0.18*

0.43 ± 0.22*

0.49 ± 0.30

0.38 ± 0.13*

  1. APC: Amplitude of pupillary constriction; VCP: Velocity of pupillary constriction; VPD: Velocity of pupillary re-dilatation; **p approaching statistical significance; *p is statistically significant.
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