Figure 4
From: Variability of the Indonesian Throughflow in the Makassar Strait over the Last 30 ka
(a) Upper ocean temperature gradients (SST minus TWT) from MD2161 (blue) and MD2178 (red). (b) South–North thermocline temperature gradient (or ΔTWTS−N) across the Makassar Strait indicated by TWT differences between MD2161 and MD2178, with lower (higher) values indicating weaker (stronger) ITF and heat transport ability. Dashed horizontal lines mark average values of corresponding time periods. (c) Similar to (b) but for South–North δ18O gradients at the surface (Δδ18Osw; red) and thermocline (Δδ18Otw; green). (d) Paleo-ENSO-like mean state changes indicated by zonal SST gradient across the tropical Pacific (ref.33). Yellow-shaded bars mark two intervals of weakened ITF during 13.4~19 ka BP and 24.2~27 ka BP.
