Table 4 Effect of thymol nanoemulsion on plant growth of soybean.

From: Thymol nanoemulsion exhibits potential antibacterial activity against bacterial pustule disease and growth promotory effect on soybean

Treatment (%)

Plant growthA

100 seed weight (g)

Plant height (cm)

Root length (cm)

Root fresh weight (g/plant)

Number of nodules/plant

Weight/nodule (mg)

Number of pods/plant

ControlB

53.16 ± 2.72 cd

30.83 ± 0.72ab

0.79 ± 0.08c

7.75 ± 0.90bc

17.00 ± 2.1c

4.58 ± 0.44 cd

4.96 ± 0.23 cd

Bulk SC (0.01)

53.58 ± 0.87 cd

31.58 ± 2.55ab

0.93 ± 0.02c

5.83 ± 0.79c

21.33 ± 1.4bc

4.75 ± 0.38 cd

4.36 ± 0.27d

Bulk TD (0.01)

53.75 ± 2.91 cd

31.75 ± 0.38ab

0.91 ± 0.06c

5.5 ± 0.50c

28.75 ± 2.1ab

5.58 ± 0.84bcd

4.63 ± 0.21 cd

Thymol nanoemulsion

0.01

54.5 ± 2.15bcd

31.83 ± 1.08ab

0.97 ± 0.06c

5.83 ± 0.44c

30.41 ± 0.65ab

5.33 ± 0.33bcd

5.47 ± 0.18bc

0.02

64.83 ± 3.08ab

32.83 ± 0.87ab

2.15 ± 0.11ab

6.5 ± 0.25c

30.58 ± 2.1ab

5.41 ± 0.16bcd

5.56 ± 0.20abc

0.03

66.16 ± 1.30a

36.5 ± 1.00a

2.15 ± 0.02ab

8.08 ± 0.71bc

33.16 ± 0.54a

9.33 ± 0.79abcd

6.60 ± 0.20a

0.04

65.33 ± 0.54a

36.66 ± 0.22a

2.21 ± 0.21a

10.41 ± 0.44bc

33.75 ± 3.38a

11.58 ± 0.98ab

6.56 ± 0.17a

0.05

63.16 ± 1.09abc

32.91 ± 0.91ab

1.60 ± 0.23b

12.41 ± 0.18a

34.25 ± 3.64a

12.83 ± 3.58a

6.50 ± 0.23ab

0.06

61.83 ± 3.00abc

31.41 ± 1.01ab

1.01 ± 0.05c

8.58 ± 2.04c

25.08 ± 0.22abc

10.5 ± 0.52abc

5.45 ± 0.23bc

  1. AEach value is mean of triplicate and each replicate consisted of 3 plants. Mean ± SE followed by same letter in column of each treatment are not significantly different at p = 0.05 as determined by Tukey–Kramer HSD. BControl with water, CBulk S (bulk saponin) dissolved in water, DBulk T (bulk thymol) dissolved in 1% DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide).