Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Metabolic systems analysis of LPS induced endothelial dysfunction applied to sepsis patient stratification

Figure 3

LPS and IFNγ treatment of HUVECs result in glycocalyx loss, increased permeability and changes in cellular metabolism. (a) Fluorescent images of HUVECs control or treated with 50 µg/mL IFNγ, 1000 ng/mL LPS for 24 h or a combination of the two (LPS/IFNγ) stained with DAPI (nucleus, blue), wheat germ agglutinin (negatively charged glycocalyx components, green) and heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 antibody (red). (b) Normalized change in heparan sulfate signal by LPS concentration and IFNγ. Full statistics Supplement ixb. (c) Normalized change in wheat germ agglutinin signal by LPS concentration and IFNγ. Full statistics in Supplement ixa. (d) Normalized change in fluorescence, indicating permeability, in a transwell assay, over 45 minutes after treatment with IFNγ, LPS and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF α). (* significant at p < 0.05).

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