Table 1 Comparison of metabolic profiles between subjects living in urban and rural area.

From: Impact of rural-urban environment on metabolic profile and response to a 5-day high-fat diet

 

Urban (n = 49)

Rural (n = 105)

Duration in urban (in years)

20.7 (1.0-40.0)

—

Age (in years)

39.3 (13.5)

44.5 (12.2)*

HOMA-IR

1.45 (1.06–1.90)

0.96 (0.80–1.13)*

Fasting Insulin (mU/L)

4.9 (3.8–6.4)

3.1 (2.5–3.8)**

Fasting Blood Glucose (mmol/L)

5.7 (1.4)

5.4 (0.9)

2h-Blood Glucose (mmol/L)

7.7 (3.2)

5.9 (1.9)**

HbA1c# (mmol/L)

37.9 (14.3)

32.3 (6.6)*

HbA1c# (%)

5.6 (1.3)

5.1 (0.6)*

Body Mass Index (kg/m2)

24.3 (4.9)

22.7 (4.0)*

Waist Circumference (cm)

84.9 (13.8)

79.3 (11.9)*

Adiponectin (µg/mL)

4.38 (3.31–5.78)

3.54 (3.09–4.07)

Leptin (ng/mL)

5.62 (3.98–7.92)

2.64 (2.06–3.38)*

CRP (mg/L)

1.57 (1.17–2.05)

1.67 (1.29–2.11)

Total IgE (IU/mL)

168 (105–271)

931 (702–1,235)**

Prevalence of STH (%, n/N)

5 (2/42)

57 (52/92)**

  1. All variables are presented as mean and its standard deviation, however, HOMA-IR, fasting insulin, adiponectin, leptin, CRP, and total IgE level are presented as geomean (95%CI) and were log transformed for analysis, while duration in urban is presented as mean (range). Analysis for the difference between urban and rural group was performed using independent t-test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.0001) #Hba1c measurements were available in 42 and 95 of urban and rural subjects respectively. Abbreviation: HOMA-IR = the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, CRP = C-reactive protein, STH = soil-transmitted helminth.
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