Table 3 Sample C (see also Table 1).

From: Sex-related differences in vision are heterogeneous

Test

Participants N

t-test

p

Cohen’s d

Ebbinghaus

209

t(203) = 0.04

0.96

0.01

Müller-Lyer

253

t(249) = 0.24

0.81

0.02

Ponzo

173

t(170) = −3.15

0.002*

0.24

Ponzo-Hallway

194

t(186) = −0.29

0.77

0.27

Tilt

200

t(187) = 1.27

0.21

0.11

  1. Independent t-test results for the five visual illusions. Cohen’s d was calculated using the pooled standard deviation. We found that females were more susceptible to the Ponzo illusion than males.
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