Figure 3

Both LPS and MPLA activate human adherent mononuclear cells via TLR4. (A) Inhibition by 1 µg/ml of Rhodobacter sphaeroides LPS of TNF and IL-1β release induced by either conventional smooth E. coli O111:B4 LPS (cLPS) (100 ng/ml), highly purified S. abortus equi LPS (hpLPS) (100 ng/ml), highly purified rough S. minnesota LPS (ReLPS) (100 ng/ml) or MPLA (1 µg/ml) for different donors. (B) Similar experiments performed with 10 µg/ml of R. sphaeroides LPS. (C) Similar inhibitory experiments performed with 10 nM or (D) 100 nM Eritoran (each dot represents one individual donor). Neither Rhodobacter sphaeroides LPS nor Eritoran affected the cytokine production in the absence of agonists (data not shown). Results are expressed as percent of the individual responses in the absence of inhibitors. *p ≤ 0.5; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.