Figure 2

Integrand of equation (12), f(λ, N) (top row) and its first and second differences f ⁽¹⁾(λ, N) (middle row), and f ⁽²⁾(λ, N) (bottom row), respectively. Note that, according to Eq. (20), only the smallest-system f(λ, N) data are integrated (black line in top-row plots), and f ⁽¹⁾(λ, N) data are integrated for only the smallest pair of systems (red line in middle-row plots). All f ⁽²⁾(λ, N) are integrated. Lines in each figure join points not represented by symbols (no symbols are joined by lines).