Table 2 Phenotypic and genetic associations of habitual coffee intake with cognition.

From: Habitual coffee consumption and cognitive function: a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis in up to 415,530 participants

 

Global cognition

Memory cognition

N

β* (95% C.I.)

P

I2

Pheterogeneity

N

β* (95% C.I.)

P

I2

Pheterogeneity

Phenotypic effect (cups/day)

300,806

−0.02

(−0.039, −0.001)

0.04

85

<0.001

301,850

−0.012

(−0.029, 0.005)

0.16

80

<0.001

Adjusted phenotypic effect (cups/day)

295,823

−0.008

(−0.023, 0.006)

0.26

74

<0.001

296,777

−0.004

(−0.017, 0.01)

0.58

66

0.003

Genetic effect (intake-increase-allele)#

300,760

−0.0007

(−0.009, 0.008)

0.87

4

0.40

301,804

−0.001

(−0.005, 0.002)

0.51

0

0.64

  1. *All models adjusted for sex and age, with the adjusted phenotypic model controlling further on smoking, education and depression and the genetic models additionally adjusting for principal components. #Among coffee drinkers.
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