Figure 4
From: Turbulence and Cavitation Suppression by Quaternary Ammonium Salt Additives

Characterisation of dynamic behaviour of the cavitating vortex in base diesel and the additised diesel (1000 ppm QAS additive). (a) Actual topology of the cavitating string forming in the vicinity of the injector-hole entrance, (b) String lifetime probability in base and additised fuels, (c) FFT of the string radius fluctuations in base and additised fuels.