Table 4 Biological effects of emulsified (C + L) and nanoencapsulated (NP_C + L) CVC and LNL on the mortality and mass of larvae and pupae of H. armigera fed with artificial diets in the laboratory at 25 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 10% relative humidity, and 14-hour photoperiod.

From: Carvacrol and linalool co-loaded in β-cyclodextrin-grafted chitosan nanoparticles as sustainable biopesticide aiming pest control

Formulation

Mortality (%)

Larvae mass (mg)

Pupae mass (mg)

Control

8.0 ± 2.8

0.361 ± 0.065

0.280 ± 0.009

C + L

78.0 ± 3.7a

0.096 ± 0.031a

0.250 ± 0.0001a

NP_C + L

86.0 ± 4.0a,b

0.065 ± 0.010a,b

0.170 ± 0.004a,b

  1. A significance level of p < 0.05 was considered for the differences between the groups, where arepresents a significant difference relative to the control and bindicates a significant difference relative to the emulsified compounds.
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