Figure 5

Left: Optical density images of a cloud of atoms in three cooling regimes. Each single shot measurement is taken after 12 ms time of flight. Right: Vertically integrated optical densities (blue) with superimposed Gaussian fits (red). (a) A typical MOT cloud, (b) a MOT cloud after Gray MOT cooling (see text), (c) a MOT cloud after molasses cooling. The Gaussian width σ is indicative of the cloud temperature.